Thankful

I expect at this time (4 am your time Saturday) everyone is sleeping off residual turkey coma and recovering from Black Friday shopping.  My Thanksgiving was, naturally, a little different this year.  I started the day like any other weekday here- having my breakfast at the hotel and the heading to Black Lion for morning report.  After morning meeting and before my 10 am appointment with the students for bedside rounds, I ran down to the corner where I had seen some pretty flowers I thought I would take to my friend's family who was having me for dinner for substitute Thanksgiving.  (I was subsequently informed by him that bring flowers to the family would imply that we were getting married-- vetoed.)  I then got a call from a resident at another hospital that would be transferring a patient to the Hamlin Fistula Hospital, and would I like to come with?

I had been dying, dying to go to the Fistula Hospital so I jumped at the chance.  The Hamlin Fistula Hospital, famous throughout Africa and among maternal/global health types like myself, also made famous by the stunning documentary A Walk to Beautiful (watch it streaming on Netflix!), is a hospital dedicated to the surgical repair and social rehabilitation of women who have suffered obstetric fistula from obstructed labor.  Ethiopia has a very high prevalence of obstetric fistula, which basically results from a woman being in labor at home for days with the baby unable to fit through the birth canal in places where obstetric services and cesarean section are not accessible.  After days of labor, the tissues between the bladder, vagina, and bowel start to decompose, forming permanent holes between vagina and bladder and/or the vagina and the bowel, resulting in constant leakage of urine and stool from the vagina.  In this scenario, the babies usually die.  Women lose their fertility and their dignity.  In most places, they are cast off from their husbands and from the community because of the uncontrollable leakage of waste.  Anyway, the Hamlin Fistula Hospital, founded by two British physicians, is completely dedicated to surgical repair of these injuries, and then rehabilitating the women by giving them skills to bring in their own income and giving them self esteem.  Our poor patient who was being transported did not have an obstetric fistula, but needed advanced urologic treatment after an extremely complicated hysterectomy the day before that left her with one transected ureter (which had been identified and repaired intraoperatively) and was subsequently found to have ligation of the other ureter and failure of the contralateral repair.  She also lost 2 liters of blood.  Gynecology nightmare.

Now that I have made a short story long, I got to see the famous hospital although not for long and not in any great detail.  What I did do was peak inside the wards where about 40 women in hospital beds were side by side in a bright, white, pristine room (this in contrast to the dirty and dark Black Lion and Gandhi hospitals).  As I sat in the courtyard full of flowers, curious patients walked up to me, looked me in the eye, and some of them extended their hands to me and said "salamno" to say hi.  (I can only imagine that most of these women come from remote areas, and even though Hamlin is famous, they have not seen all that many faranjis.  I can also imagine that they all have spent some amount of time in shame from their conditions, and to make eye contact with me, and for me to make eye contact with them and speak was no trivial matter.)  It was a brief, beautiful experience.

Thankful.

Not long after that, I set off in a minibus with one of the chief residents who pitied my lack of Thanksgiving to have a late lunch with his family.  It took us about an hour to arrive at the last city within Addis Ababa (which is not only the capital city but also the name of the surrounding region or province).  He grew up with 5 brothers and one sister in a small house with a courtyard filled with chickens in various life stages.  The house was small, with bunk beds in the room with the refrigerator, which may or may not have also been the actual kitchen. Everyone, in typical Ethiopian fashion, was quick to demand that I eat! eat! eat! and drink! drink! drink! everything in front of me.  My plate was never empty-- as soon as there was any open space, mother or sister would come over and fill it up with something else.  As soon as my beer was half empty, another was opened and put in front of me ("drink! why aren't you drinking??" they said). I certainly ate as much as I would have at a Thanksgiving dinner. Mother spent 30 or 45 minutes roasting coffee beans in a pan, grinding the coffee, and brewing it in the jebena (traditional coffee pot) on the living room floor.  Little brother (18) and little sister (13) shyly practiced their English and translated for their parents (who wanted to know what my and my parents' religion are, what did I think about Obama, and all kinds of other interesting and socially controversial things).   There were so many photogenic moments, but obviously it felt wrong thinking of taking pictures of someone's family as if they are a tourist attraction, so I have nothing to show.  At the end of the evening my resident friend gave his parents and his little brother a few hundred birr as well as some to pass on to his aunt who live nearby.  A resident's monthly salary here is numerically equivalent to my salary in the US, except that $1 USD= 20 Ethiopian birr.  That is to say, I make 20 times more than they do, and I don't even think of giving money to my little brothers.  Humbling.

Thankful to share a family holiday with another family, who made me extra thankful for what I have.  I truly feel like the Ethiopians' hard work ethic and open hearts have encouraged me to be a better person.

Now that night has fallen on Saturday after I spent the majority of the day in the hotel making questionable efforts at writing the concept paper for the Ministry of Health, I am left with two full days in Addis.  This morning I did venture out to sample this breakfast phenomenon called dulet.  I had been kind of avoiding it actually, since it is one of those staples of any developing world diet that combines the leftover organ meats of things together-- in this case, definitely lamb stomach, and other lamb and beef bits, possible kidneys and liver.  I'll try anything, but I wouldn't go out of my way for offal.  It is sauteed with butter and heavily seasoned with the local spices, and is eaten with the omnipresent injera, the fermented/sour bread product that is both foodstuff and the utensil/vehicle for the food.  The small place we went was full of people coming in for their Saturday morning dulet (some accompanied by beer at 9 am- I KNOW WHAT YOU'RE THINKING, NOT ME).

It was super delicious.  My mouth is watering just thinking about it.

Alas this Saturday night I am staying in and will probably have some leftover pizza, and rest up for some real work and the remainder of Addis sight-seeing tomorrow.  See you soon!

Big day

Exhausted after an exciting day- 

Last night I stayed up late[er than usual] preparing a workshop that some of the family medicine residents that had been in our cervical cancer course had requested on contraceptive implant and IUD insertion.  The residents to my surprise had very little experience using these devices themselves, but I learned, in what I think is appropriate medical task shifting, there are trained family planning nurses who are in charge of these procedures and contraceptive counseling.  Essentially, the residents don't need to know how to do them because there are other trained health care members who would like to.  Nonetheless, they asked, and as family planning is my passion, I definitely accepted.  I prepared a couple of talks about contraceptive implants and copper IUDs.  For those who are wondering, they use a lot of Implanon but also have available Sino and Jadelle, which are two-rod implants.  (I presented only Implanon since that's what I have experience with.)  They also have a copper IUD but no progestin IUD.  We did a practical session during which they had arranged some patients in the family planning room, and I had brought some uteri models to practice IUD insertion on.  Fortunately or unfortunately there were 3 patients who came who wanted their Implanon removed, and one who wanted one placed, and the one who wanted one placed left because she waited too long.  The fortunate part is that Implanon removal is possibly harder than insertion so it's good to practice, and also 2 of the 3 patients had used their Implanon for its entire 3-4 year lifespan, which made me happy.  So I think it was moderately successful.  Interesting anecdotal observations from family planning providers in this urban health center included that many of the commercial sex workers who come there prefer depo provera because they are likely to become amenorrheic after some time; higher income patients prefer the copper IUD because it has less additional hormone, and lower income patients who want LARC tend to choose implants.  An interesting KAP survey is waiting there...

The other exciting development is that I went with Dr. D to the Ethiopian Ministry of Health to offer ourselves to help organize training in VIA as part of a national cervical cancer screening program.  The mere idea of coming to Ethiopia with very little idea of how I was going to spend 3/4 of my time, and ending up in the Ministry of Health pitching a national cancer screening program, was amazing.  Dr. D as always has connections there, and we met with an adviser to the minister, who was cautiously interested in our input on launching a national cervical cancer prevention program.  With my last 5 days (eek!) I plan to prepare a short concept paper to submit to them addressing their particular needs and concerns that we discussed today.  

That in addition to attending the morning meeting and presentation (postpartum hemorrhage), bedside rounds with the medical students, a brief stop in a demonstration of the use of doppler in obstetric ultrasound, visiting the 15-year-old patient who broke my heart yesterday with another doctor and making her smile (which filled my heart), lunch with residents and a visiting gynecologic oncologist from the University of Michigan (yet another international visitor/consultant), and brief rounds at the women's hospital at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, another one of their academic training centers, with the senior resident on 24-hour call tonight.  

And so I spoiled myself by ordering room service of a bottle of Ethiopian cabernet sauvignon, which I am sipping while I write this post.  (In case you wondered if I am roughing it...)

Save travels for everyone on the biggest US travel day of the year.  My repeated pitiful comments to Ethiopians about how Thanksgiving is a big family holiday that would spend here in their country were answered!  One of the senior residents invited me to visit his family just outside the city tomorrow afternoon so I could have a substitute family experience on Thanksgiving.  I haven't seen my family on Thanksgiving for the past 3 years due to residency, so it's not a huge change, but it's nice that the day will have just a little bit of recognition.  I will be especially thinking of you, Family, tomorrow, while I am not eating turkey and gravy, and love you all.

The rawness of suffering

Suffering is universal but it seems that there are places where it is more prevalent, and also places where it is more present and more raw.  Today in particular I saw too many faces of suffering around Black Lion Hospital.

In the middle of the morning meeting and case presentation, my train of thought was interrupted by 5 minutes of the anguished wailing of multiple women that echoed up from the fifth floor to the sixth through the open staircase, down the hall, and through the closed door of the meeting room.  The presentation went on without interruption, and I tried not to show the distraction on my face.  It seemed that a baby had died in the NICU.

Incidentally, the case presentation (which is like our morbidity and mortality conferences for those in the know) involved a pregnant mother that I had some contact with about a week and a half before, when she was referred to Black Lion for fetal hydrops (meaning, essentially, heart failure of the fetus causing fluid build up in the baby's body), due presumably to Rh sensitization.  She was a G5P4000-- meaning that including the current pregnancy she had been pregnant 5 times, delivered 4 babies, and all of them had died.  This baby was showing dire signs of the same pathology, and on ultrasound it had fluid collections in the abdomen, scalp, scrotum, and a little in the heart.  I remember this case for the striking findings on ultrasound, but also the incredibly striking beauty of the patient, who came from some rural area not even speaking the national language of Ethiopia.  The baby was delivered by cesarean section a few hours after the ultrasound was done, and died 5 hours after birth.  In the US, this highly desired baby probably would have survived.

Ultrasound findings from the above patient showing thorax and abdomen: heart in right upper screen, abdomen in left lower showing massive abdominal ascites separating the two lobes of the liver and compressing the thorax so almost no lung tissue was visible.

Later on teaching rounds, we came to a 15 year old who had recently been admitted to rule out ectopic pregnancy.  Her mother had died of AIDS a year before, and ever since, she had been literally living on the street.  She had had multiple sexual partners, some consensual, and some forced, during that time.  As the huge medical team of 25 students, nurses, and doctors, most of them men, discussed her in English over her head, tears streamed down her face and from time to time she covered her face with her scarf, ashamed of her tears and her situation.

Anatomically correct dolls from the pediatric sexual assault clinic in Adama (called the Unit for Treatment of Children Who Need Special Attention) to allow children to demonstrate and work through their abuse

Thirty minutes later, we went to the "chemotherapy" ward (where they work up and treat non-surgical gynecologic cancer patients) to see a very sad case of recurrent ovarian cancer in a mid-thirties year old woman, who we determined to be inoperable.  As we were going to visit this patient, two women emerged from the next room sniffling and then promptly collapsed on the floor in sobs.  I was informed that the patient in the next room, who had been admitted for palliation of metastatic ovarian cancer, had just died.

Dr. D commented, "This is why I don't understand why they put gynecology patients with obstetrics patients.  On one side of the hall you can have good news, and on the other side, bad news."

And I said, "Well that is the nature of our profession."  And in my head I thought that one of the things that makes OB/GYN most rewarding is that we do get the great joys of taking care of healthy women, mothers, and babies to balance the sadness of the rest.

Courtyard of Black Lion

Lalibela

Lalibela is suggested as the one place to see in Ethiopia if you can only see one place, and so I went this past weekend.  It is famous for its 11 churches built in the 12th century carved into rocks and built into caves, thought to be a model of Jerusalem so that Ethiopian Christians would not have to suffer the pilgrimage to Jerusalem to worship.  They are estimated to have needed 40,000 workers at a time and at least 100 years to construct, but legend has it that they were completed in 40 days with the help of angels. They are still fully operational churches today, and surprisingly not overrun with tourists.  I was expecting the awesomeness and ancient history of the churches, but I was not expecting the spectacular scenery of the surrounding mountains, and to have a glimpse at rural life in the Amhara region (north of Addis).  Words are not sufficient to describe it all, so I will load as many pictures at the internet will allow me.

View from my hotel room (yup)

Scenes around town

Double rainbow!!  (Not all the way though)

A priest

Amazing art everywhere, who knows how old

Bet Giorgis church seen from above- you can really appreciate how it was carved into the rock

Bet Giorgis looking down

Saturday is market day in Lalibela!

Photo documenting with my high quality camera (iPhone 4S)

Bet Abba Libanos, incorporated into the rock from above

Traditional home

Me seamlessly blending in with worshipers leaving church on Sunday

Priest collecting holy water (natural spring) in Asheton Maryam Monastery outside Lalibela

Asheton Maryam

Lalibela sunset

 All pictures are taken by me, except those taken of me of course, which are courtesy of my co-travelers.

The fourth delay

I was talking with one of the residents yesterday in amazement of how few residents they have covering one whole hospital: for about 120 patients in a women's hospital, overnight there is one PGY4 and two PGY2s.  No attending on site!  Then I realized that there were several interns milling about, and said, oh, you have several interns (turns out there were 5), so that makes a big difference right?

And he said, "You know the three delays model?"

 (Global maternal health people might recognize this as the factors that increase maternal mortality in developing countries: 1- Delay in recognizing that advanced medical care is needed; 2- Delay in reaching a qualified health facility; 3- Delay in accessing a qualified medical provider once the facility is reached.)

"My interns are the fourth delay."

If at least one person reading this blog appreciates this joke, it will have been worth retelling.  I myself have been laughing about it ever since.

Today was full of educational activities: I went to the resident conference in the morning to hear a case presentation about steroid administration for preterm deliveries.  Then I myself conducted real old-fashioned bedside teaching rounds for the medical students.  It was the first time I had taught in that style, and it was fun!  Look forward to doing more of that.  Then I went to an ultrasound workshop put on by Norwegian maternal-fetal medicine specialists (so far, there has been a constant presence of foreigners helping with resident education.)  Now I'm preparing a short proposal that might be taken to the Ethiopian Ministry of Health since they have interest in our experience with training in cervical cancer screening, to consider it for a country-wide screening policy.  May be going to the Ethiopian MOH... no big deal.

My trip is half-way over already.  I can hardly believe it.

A little relaxation

Afternoon coffee with OB/GYN residents

The workshop is over after three days, 13/16 participants passing, 2 needing some remediation.  The OB/GYN residents were only in it half-heartedly and seemed like they had better things to be doing, but my real triumph is in the enthusiasm of the family medicine residents, the health officer, and the one nurse who completed the course.  They are super excited to spread the cervical cancer screening and the family med residents have asked if I could do a demo on IUD and contraceptive implant insertion for them!  Good things developing.  Suggestions from the OB audience welcome on how to accomplish that without any kind of model kit or supplies.  I don't have any implant available right now, but if I do, I was thinking maybe chicken breasts for the simulation?

Last night to celebrate finshing the workshop, Dr. G. treated us to massages at the hotel, which was AMAZING and cost about $13 USD.  It will be hard not to do that far too often.  We then went over to Dr. D's house for dinner and met his family, including his adorable 2 year old boy,newborn girl, and beauty queen-worthy wife.  Did I mention that Ethiopian people are beautiful?  I can't put my finger on it, I think it's something about the cheek bones.  Fortunately, along with diseases of poverty, there is a much higher prevalence of beauty in Ethiopia than other places.  I'd rather have one of those then neither, but we can work on the former.

This morning before Dr. G flew out we drove up to the nearby Entoto Mountains to get some fresh air and views of the city.  It was like we were immediately transported to a rural area- lots of livestock, few cars, women carrying impossible looking loads of firewood down a very steep road bent over almost 90 degrees.  It was nearly impossible to take inconspicuous pictures because everyone turned around to see who was driving the only car up the road and looked in to see the farangis (foreigners) inside, but I wish I could have.  There was also a small religious holiday today, and one of the churches up the mountain had a huge gathering of people- tens of thousands I'd say- flocking toward a church.  (They closed the road there, only public transport and farangis [seriously!] allowed to pass.)  Such a beautiful and somewhat eerie site to see thousands of people covered in white while the priest's singing emanated from loudspeakers coming from the church.  We made it to the top of the mountain where we found a couple churches, one of which Dr. G has visited several times.  We went to the other one.  So glad we did.  It had a huge mural on the inside made by a single painter 150 years ago (per the guide), filling the octagonal walls with many of the major stories from the bible.  The church (not having services today) was still filled with frankincense smoke.  It was stunningly beautiful and dramatic.  Outside was a 700 year-old church carved from rock that was the precursor to the 150 year old structure that we toured.  Amazing, amazing culture.

Now trying to make some friends with the residents with moderate success.  I'm going out for a "traditional" dinner with some of them any moment.  Meanwhile I'm texting with Charles on my iPhone over the internet... funny how some things can feel so much the same.

From Entoto

Cervical cancer screening workshop

You may at this point be wondering what the purpose is of my being in Ethiopia.  The short answer is, it's not entirely clear, the long answer is, well, long (maybe I'll get to it in a future post), and the medium-sized answer is, finding ways to help improve training of doctors at Addis Ababa University.  Toward that end, today was the first day of the third annual cervical dysplasia (precancer) screening and treatment workshop held at AAU by Dr. G (this year, with myself as well).  This is the only concrete plan I had on coming to Addis.  The idea is that many places in the world don't have pap smears to screen for the precancerous changes that can lead to cervical cancer-- it takes a functioning pathology department, expensive reagents, and multiple visits for the patient (pap smear, results, and possibly further treatment).  All this is too much to ask a low-resource health system, but cervical cancer continues to be a big killer, particularly in eastern Africa.  Someone brilliant from Johns Hopkins developed a cervical cancer screening and treatment algorithm that uses acetic acid (that is, standard store-bought vinegar) as the main reagent to apply to and examine the cervix for precancerous changes.  The most low-cost option for treating lesions shy of cancer is cryotherapy, or freezing these lesions with a carbon dioxide gun.  As Dr. G put it, if there is beer, there is CO2.  The method has proven very successful in many low income countries and can even be done by lower-level medical providers in places where doctors aren't plentiful.

We are holding a three-day training in visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy (freezing).  Our audience is about 7 OB/GYN residents, 5 family medicine residents, 2 nurses from the GYN outpatient clinic, and a health officer (a sort of mid-level provider possibly akin to a nurse practitioner) from a community health center.  Today we did several lectures, myself taking on the public health and global scope of HPV and cervical cancer, and then we did simulations of cryotherapy with hot dogs as cervices.

CO2 gun in action on the simulated pelvis.
(Hot dog cervix visible only with the speculum!)

Well.  Let me tell you.  Finding hot dogs in Addis Ababa is no small feat.  It was actually kind of nice that no one knew what a hot dog was, as I think they are one of the most disgusting American food inventions ever, but made them hard to locate.  The hot dog, though, provides the ideal size and consistency for actually simulating freezing the cervix.  We finally found them at the biggest most faranji (foreigner) supermarket after looking at 3 others, only to find that once they thawed they were not actually the consistency of hot dogs at all, necessitating another mid-workshop taxi trip back to the supermarket to get a different variety (this time beef, after learning that not only the Muslims in our workshop but also the majority Ethiopian Orthodox Christians find any pork distasteful).  This is not to mention driving around the city in a Lada taxi from the 70’s with a 45 kg tank of CO2 strapped to the roof.  (For further reference, CO2 can be found in shops that sell fire extinguishers.  Yes, there are shops that sell only fire extinguishers.)

OB/GYN resident, health officer, and fam med resident
working together and scratching heads over the mysterious cervix.

I think day 1 went well.  The family medicine residents, nurses, and health officer were really enthusiastic and engaged.  The OB/GYNs were interested but also looked distracted and exhausted.  (Been there.)  By the end of the day, we had every participant either freezing off hot dog cervical cancer or reviewing our image flashcards, and that felt pretty great.  Planning and executing this has been taking up a lot of my time and energy, so not much time for cultural observations.  After we finish with this frantic pace and Dr. G. leaves on Saturday, I’m sure that I will go back to being a bit bored and lonely and will have more time to write.  Miss you all.

Excursion

Dr. G from Emory arrived and we promptly went on an excursion to a nearby town (well, third largest city in Ethiopia, but fractions of the size of Addis) to follow up on a past project.  Too much to recount with the little energy I have left today, so I will leave you these pictures of what I encountered during transportation: riding in a bajaj (a.k.a. tuk tuk in Thailand, motor rickshaw in Bangladesh); and highway baboons.

More soon!
Jess

Cold feet

Like reading a big book I wouldn't have time for otherwise, blogging has become a personal tradition on long travels.  It serves a lot of purposes: communicating to multiple people at once about what I'm up to; helping me process what's going on around me in a concrete way; documenting events to look back on from the future (I really enjoyed looking back at my blogs from Bolivia and the Republic of Georgia when I was getting ready to start this post); and giving me a sense of purpose and accomplishment and something to do when I am lacking those things.  For example, I just spent 1 hour on a Friday night designing this blog template that I don't even particularly like, just because I have nothing better to do.  This blog I hope will also help inform and prepare other residents who will come here like me with no idea what they're doing, and maybe even, through your feedback dear reader, help me become more productive while I am here.  (That being said I do not intend this at all to be a formal record of my activities for this rotation and do not represent the views of Emory or the Global Health Scholars Program.)  My other disclaimer is that I might get a little technical, a little medical-dorky, for my non-medical audience from time to time, but that is the nature of this trip and probably many of my observations, so bear with me.

I'm at the end of day 2 here and I'm have just the ever so slightest grasp on what is going on.  I forget how much it is the little victories of learning a totally new place that make all the difference.  For example, I was ecstatic when I finally got my local cell phone to work, which, like home, is the ticket to keeping connected with anyone.  I also got a personal tutoring session from one of the residents on how to take the public taxi (like a mini-bus) from the hospital back to my hotel, and mastered my first Amharic words, which mean "I am getting off [the bus]."  (I still can't get "thank you" down even though Marissa tried to teach me before leaving.  It's like 5 or 6 syllables.)  I will include in another dispatch the always popular from any destination description of "adventures in public transportation."

The title of the post refers to the major cold feet I had before leaving, unlike, I think, I have ever had before leaving on a big trip, even ones much longer than this one.  (Or am I remembering only the good things?)  It's been awhile since I've traveled alone and far from home, and I guess things just seem so good at home-- I'm getting married, got an amazing fellowship, and residency is not the daunting beast it once was, I had four freakin' weekends in a row off before I left, and I was like, what am I doing??  But now that I'm here I remember why I like going to far off places, even when I'm lonely.

I've had some requests for a description of my digs.  I'm staying in a hotel with the same name as my host OB/GYN so I have come to understand that likely the reason we all stay here is that he has some familial connection with it.  I would describe it as a hotel with fading elegance.  For example, my room has small crystal-chandelier-like light fixtures and a gold bedspread, but when showing me my room when I arrived, the handle of the door to the room fell off and the porter was entirely unconcerned about it.  "It still turns, yes?"  My rolling desk chair is missing two of five of its wheels.  But hey, when traveling abroad I don't ask for any elegance, so I'll take it.  The bed is super comfy, room is cleaned daily (which is certainly more than I can say for my normal home situation), I have a nice view, a small fridge, and a little balcony.  I have wi-fi about 50% of the time.  Oh, and another major/minor coup of the day is that I discovered where they serve the included breakfast, and it is good!  So this is definitely a nice place to come back to after a dusty day in the city.

Yesterday was my first full day here.  I walked a mile or so in one direction away from the hotel to try to find a SIM card for my phone (unsuccessful), walked a half mile or so in the other direction away from the hotel to try to find a lunch spot my host recommended (unsuccessful-- ended up at a place with no menu and no English.  I think I had lamb or goat, not sure). I finally met said host in the hotel lobby before he had dinner with more important guests.  I went to the gym at the hotel (which is actually pretty impressive) and ran a few miles, because, why not?  Got settled.

Today was a bit more exciting.  Dr. D, which I will call my host from now on, picked me up and took me to the Black Lion Hospital (or Tikur Anbessa in Amharic-- where I got the name of this blog from).  This is where I gather I will be spending most of my time.  It is the biggest public hospital in Ethiopia and a major tertiary care center, and a training hospital for medical residents at Addis Ababa University.  I followed some of the residents around.  They took me out for lunch and traditional coffee.  I was lucky to jump into a session on ultrasound doppler evaluations taught by a visiting high-risk OB from Switzerland (picture left), and capped off the day with an impressively advanced didactic session on managing newborns with ambiguous genitalia.   If my main job here is to help with resident education, I'm thinking, what do I have to offer??  They seem to be doing pretty well without me.  It's going to be interesting trying to figure out where I (and we, as Emory residents) fit into all this, but that is my mission!

Thanks for joining me on my little adventure.  Comments, feedback, and questions are very welcome by email or the comments section.  I'm going to go wash the dust off.

Love,
Jess